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项目管理的技巧

项目知识库 · 12/04/2022 · 116 评论

项目管理八种方法包括：1、明确目标，要让员工把精力都放在最有价值的事情上；2、做好规划，做好科学规划、统筹安排；3、明确分工，充分发挥每个人应有的作用；4、依据项目目标和关键结果划分工作优先级；5、高效沟通，提高信息透明度；6、培养团队的deadline意识；7、分配任务并授权；8、让员工参与进来

1、明确目标，要让员工把精力都放在最有价值的事情上

无论是做什么，没有一个正确的方向是难以取得成功的，所以在一个团队中有无正确的指导方向很重要。也就是目标，并且目标应该是重要的、具体的、具有行动导向并且能鼓舞人心的。当你设定的目标是务实的，会让团队明白努力的目的，也会让他们找到日常执行的焦点；短期目标一定要明确具体，有清晰的执行优先级，要让员工把精力都放在最有价值的事情上。

2、做好规划，做好科学规划、统筹安排

项目工作中，之所以出现过度加班的情况，一方面是因为团队做事效率低，另一方面是因为工作安排不合理，这就要求我们项目管理者们在工作时间内要做好科学规划、统筹安排，项目经理可以试用进度猫甘特图来制定计划，跟踪项目进度，避免项目出现延期，减少加班的情况。

3、明确分工，充分发挥每个人应有的作用

管理者根据每个人的能力和性格不同，每个岗位的环境和要求也不同，做出相应调整，让每个人都了解自己的地位，充分发挥每个人应有的作用。

4、依据项目目标和关键结果划分工作优先级

每天每个员工都可能会有多个不同的跨项目任务需要去完成。这个时候，每个任务看起来都是重要且紧急的。那么他们应该从哪里开始着手呢？他们应该把自己大部分的时间和精力放在哪里才能使自己的工作效益最大化？当然了，有些任务和项目是比其他的要重要一些的。这个时候如果有一套定义明确的目标以及工作如何取得成果的想法或许能帮助你如何判断这些任务及项目的优先级。

5、高效沟通，提高信息透明度

项目执行过程中的沟通非常重要，主要是为了确保项目进度的信息透明和对称。如果A组已经做好某件事，需要B组做另外的事，如果没有沟通，B可能压根就不知道，这样项目进度就会延误。一般情况下，项目组会定期召开项目进度会，和项目成员同步进展情况，并再次确认各项任务的截止时间。但如果项目组有用到项目管理工具协作和沟通，信息比较公开透明的话，项目进度会就没有必要太过频繁。当然，和关键干系人的沟通还是必不可少的，可以定期核对项目进度。

6、培养团队的deadline意识

这一步看似简单，却直接关系到整个项目能否正常完成。所以，在项目计划阶段，我们一定花足够多的时间做好项目进度计划，在分解项目任务时，颗粒度尽量细一些，确保分工到人，定好截止时间并确保任务能在截止时间前完成。

7、分配任务并授权

管理者要给下属分配任务并适当放权。首先管理者可以通过进度猫甘特图制定计划，分配任务。其次现实中许多授权存在的问题是，虽然所传达的信息是“授权”，但所采取的措施是“由我来授予你权力”，实际上是剥夺了员工的权力。如果员工普遍抱怨管理者不“授权”，那么就往往意味着管理者没有足够的事情去做，因此就把下级的本职工作抓到手中了。

拥有权力就需要承担责任，如果万事大吉，就要争夺荣誉，一旦出了问题，就要逃避责任，因此，承担责任变得很重要。在进度猫甘特图中我们可以知道谁的任务出现问题，应该找谁。管理者和下属要根据个人能力和任务难度分担起解决问题的任务。

8、让员工参与进来

管理者其实是伯乐，而员工则是待挖掘的千里马。员工不希望被简单的命令和指示，他们希望在工作中起到更重要、更有意义的作用。管理者需要让员工参与同他们切身利益相关的计划和决策，需要给员工更多施展才华的机会，需要去尊重员工的看法，这样即使你最终没有采纳他们的建议，也会让他们感觉到你的重视，并且愿意支持你的决定。

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