2018年6月23日，中国大陆地区迎来了针对PMBOK第六版的第一次考试，虽然其他国家和地区已经提早就开启了第六版的机考模式，但是大陆地区的第一次考试时间，无疑是一个重要的里程碑。
结合笔者在对PMBOK研究、教学，以及对考过试的同学的调查访问，PMBOK第六版的考试题型和趋势还是非常明显的，主要总结以下10点，供大家一起探讨。
一：情景题更接地气
虽然PMP考试中继续保留了大量的“你应该怎么做”的问法，但是情景的描述上显然突出了“故事性”，即通过场景的描述，把一个项目环境展现在考生面前，让考生身临其境的体会项目中的场景。这种题型把实际在项目中可能碰到的做法拿来考核，而不仅仅通过PMBOK上描述的那样。比如6月23日考试中提到的“交钥匙”，“交钥匙”是典型的工业或商业施工项目中的做法。在PMBOK第六版476页采购策略“交付方法”中有提到（一笔带过），虽然在工程领域多见，但是考题中并不会涉及太深奥的工程领域知识，这类考题具有专业领域的通用性，并不影响、也不妨碍其他行业或领域的考生答题。
另一个普遍的情况是，情景描述内容很多，阅读量非常大，进一步体现了PMP考试的“故事性”，这种“故事性”的题型，考生需要注意两点：（1）情景描述的是哪个过程和哪个领域的知识。（2）最后一句的提问是什么，基于哪种考虑。这两个点要能够识别出来，在选项中需要找到非常准确的“你应该怎么做”的那一个答案，而这个“你”，一般默认指的就是项目经理，除非有特别说明。
二：拥抱变化，更拥抱未来
变更和风险每次都是重点，但这次考试中部分试卷（PMP试卷有ABCDEF不同卷，也并非打乱顺序，而是可能彼此完全不同）并没有直接考核太多与之有关的内容。这并不是说不重要了，其重要性仍然很突出，只是考法越来越“前卫”。组织是一个系统，系统是动态的，组织所驱动的一系列事件（项目或运营）都会随着动态的影响而发生变化，所以变化是非常正常且符合自然规律的，变更题的考法也将以非常自然的手法融入到考题中，甚至于你可能无法直接发现这就是在考变更。
新版本的考试仍然保留大量的变更考题，但是更加体现了拥抱未来的思维模式，这种模式是在不断变化中寻求突破，以达到未来目的。在PMBOK第六版中，知识领域开篇统一有一个“发展趋势和新兴实践”，PMI在探索未来，而不只是当前，这个价值导向非常厉害。考生应该关注拥抱变化的同时，拥抱未来。
三：强调交付，更强调共赢
项目的最终目标是交付成果，让接收成果的人签字验收并满意。这个描述很通俗易懂。这可能并非PMP考试的要点。新版本考试中透析了一个信号，在一些情景描述题中，问法是这样的： “这种情况下应该告知谁”，或者“应该向谁说明”等问题，这是在项目管理过程中经常要开展的工作。相关方在整个过程中的参与，并非最终让他们“满意”这么简单，而是另一个非常重要，之前也很少提到的词：“互利共赢”。
“互利共赢”的思路比“满意”更广泛、且更加强调了价值的凸显。即与相关方一起创造价值，而不仅仅是自己创造价值，或者自己输出价值。这个思路非常符合组织合作的理念，单纯的创造价值或者输出价值，并不能代表接收者也能从中获得价值。所以互利共赢，共创未来是PMP考试中的另一个信号。
四：人际关系与团队技能、裁剪
PMBOK第六版共计49个单个过程，几乎大量的过程都应用到了“人际关系与团队技能”这个工具与技术。另外，每个知识领域开篇都有“裁剪”一说。这两个看似无关的行为，传递的信息却是庞大的。项目管理是一个灵活的行为，项目经理和团队单靠自身很难实现目标（至少是艰难的），所以项目经理就需要充分发挥与他人共事的能力，这种能力不是某个专业技能（虽然专家判断的技能对项目经理至关重要），而是沟通、协作、问题解决、情商等一系列“软技能”的体现。虽然过去也谈“软技能”，但是能够在每个过程都体现，也是PMBOK第六版的重点。
如果说 “人际关系与团队技能”体现了项目经理和团队成员与他人协作的灵活性，那么“裁剪”就非常明显的体现了“使用项目管理知识体系”的灵活性。PMBOK涵盖的项目管理知识非常多，具有全球层面的广度和共识，涵盖了大多数行业与领域的项目管理最佳实践。但是这不代表我们就按照PMBOK的一系列做法来嵌套。PMBOK是一根柳树条，高手拿着它，就是一把无坚不摧的宝剑，平凡者拿到它，也会从中找到 “烧火做饭”的价值。正如PMBOK所说，每个项目都是独特的，灵活的去应对项目，学会裁剪是很重要的。
五：从干系人到相关方的演化
PMBOK第六版第一次笔试中，同时出现了干系人和相关方两种翻译。我们可以从中解读出两个信号：（1）有序过渡，逐步适应，让考生从干系人过渡到相关方；（2）出题问题，缺乏审核，不够严谨。任何考试都非100%完美，第2种可能并非不存在。但是这并不影响考生对“Stakeholder”这个词的认识，我们已经在教学中对这个词可能的翻译做了N多次说明。
一位考生反应，在其答疑的一套试卷中，相关方竟然考核了差不多25道题左右，这种对相关方的考法事实上还是比较少见，大多数情况都是将相关方融入到其他知识领域来问。不难看出，PMP考试的另一个信号，那就是“人”的因素将是主要的，也是必须要深入思考的。
六：对旧版本知识保留的看法
本次新考题中还出现了在PMBOK第六版没有（但在PMBOK第五版有）的内容，比如帕累托图，帕累托图在整个PMBOK第六版荡然无存，但是这个方法却是一个跨越项目管理领域的工具，其成熟性已经得到验证，诸如此类词语被去除的原因大概包括三类：（1）已经成熟，大家都知道，没必要再继续保留至PMBOK中；（2）也可以用另一种工具与技术来表现（比如直方图，虽然两者有本质区别。再比如关键链的取消，用储备进行解析的做法）；（3）版本交叠的产物，即这个版本没有，下个版本再来。
比如“情商”，“领导力”，这些本来就常见的内容，在PMBOK第六版被强化了。这是基于特定环境与趋势的诉求，而不是基于新概念的导入。这种对传统知识内容的引入，体现了PMBOK所提到的管理理念符合大多数管理场景的说法。
七：PMBOK知识的纵横扩展
PMBOK第六版第一章引论中提到“商业文件”，这个词在第五版是没有出现过的，既然出现在PMBOK中，那就必然是项目经理应该关注的内容。而这份文件是发起人或高级管理层制定并维护的一份文件，是完全站在组织战略角度给予的“为什么要做这个项目”，以及“通过这个项目可以带来的效益”的文件。这是对项目经理视角的前延，属于纵向扩展（业务层面的纵向，不是知识层面的纵向）。
在PMBOK第三章中，项目经理角色作为独立的一章，强调了项目经理能力的横向扩展，包括行业、专业等领域的汲取，不求精，但要对跨行业有所了解，项目是一个融合了多种领域知识于一体的集合体。而项目经理就是那个乐队指挥家，从管理协调的角度看待整体。
八：敏捷项目管理的引入
适应型（敏捷）是PMBOK第六版加入的内容，几乎没有什么深度，我认为这是一个过渡的体现，不排除下一个版本有更深更多的内容加入进来（但也不会太多，因为PMI-ACP是专门的敏捷认证），6月份第一次考试中出现的敏捷试题也很接地气，比如考核了在组织中如果出现预测型和适应型有冲突时如何处理，以及敏捷项目经理职权方面的考核，以及敏捷中有关会议的考核，这些内容不深，都是敏捷项目管理中常见的一些知识点，在PMP教学中已经有完整的涉及，所以考生完全不用担心敏捷这一块内容。
项目管理知识体系涵盖了预测、适应、迭代、增量、混合等各种开发方法，引入敏捷的内容主要强调了“拥抱变化”的思维。适应型项目管理对变更（我习惯于把这个称之为“革命”）是谨慎的，甚至于是反对的，但凡涉及到“革命”，总归是要流血流泪的，这是很多人不愿意面对的事情。而适应型做法更像是“改革开放”，随时拥抱变化，随时寻求价值的突破。
九：从组织层面看问题的权重
由于PMBOK第六版引入“商业文件”，从价值导向上提升到了组织层面对项目的认知。商业文件中包括两个重要内容：（1）商业论证；（2）效益管理计划。这两份文件的聚焦点是不同的，商业论证是项目启动的主要依据，是战略层（或者PMO、项目组合/项目集层）文档化的经济可行性研究报告，是对所选开展项目的收益进行有效性论证的文件，它里面包括了组织需要解决的问题或需要抓住的机会的阐述（The PMI Guide to Business Analysis）。而效益管理计划是对创造、提高和保持项目效益的过程进行定义的书面文件。
需要注意的是，商业文件在49个单个过程中的某些过程作为输入时（如结束项目或阶段、收集需求、制定预算等），也是有区别的，比如制定项目章程的输入只选择了商业文件中的商业论证，而没有使用效益管理计划（现有印刷和电子版有误，PMI已经在网站进行公告），收集需求也采用了商业论证，而没有效益管理计划，等，这些都是有道理的。比如制定项目章程，在PMBOK30页（如下图），也明确的说明了制定项目章程的输入中，商业文件只包括“商业论证”，这与PMI官方发布的修改内容是一致的。（另外，作者认为，此处“需求评估”的翻译，更应该是“需要评估”，PMI英文版是“Needs Assessment”， 需求应该是“requirements”，这样就和PMI发布的《The PMI Guide to Business Analysis》保持一致，Needs和Requirements是不同的）
十：那些抹不去的“软肋”
PMP考试是英（主）中（次）文对照，即便是英文，有些场景的描述也是“短平快”，中文翻译就显得格外费劲。有些题让考生绞尽脑汁，碰到这种情况，考生不放快速瞄一眼英文，或许能够马上“豁然开朗”，当然不能花费太多时间在中英文之间切换，4个小时的考试，并不像想象中的那么容易。在模拟期间，虽然压缩了模拟时间，但是正式考试过程还是不一样，这主要是：陌生的考试环境、复杂的考试心里、紧张的情绪、不同考点的条件、试题本身的陌生感等，都会给考生带来影响，这个影响必然会体现在答题时间上，所以要特别注意时间。
另外一个问题是，近几年计算题的考核非常少，2-3道，甚至1道也有可能。所以考生在计算题的精力投入上可以学会控制。虽然计算能力对于中国考生而言是件容易的事，但是我们不能花太多时间在这方面寻找优越感。
hey there and thank you for your info – I’ve certainly
picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise several
technical points using this site, as I experienced to reload the website lots of times previous to I could get it to
load properly. I had been wondering if your
hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will sometimes
affect your placement in google and can damage your
high quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords.
Well I am adding this RSS to my email and can look out for much more of your respective exciting content.
Ensure that you update this again very soon..
Najlepsze escape roomy
I like this website it’s a master piece! Glad I discovered this on google..
priligy 30 mg Although medicines are less toxic than other toxicants, increased production and usage of pharmaceuticals have led to many concerns regarding their toxic effects on human and non target organisms
Excellent article! We are linking to this great post on our website. Keep up the good writing.
I used to be able to find good info from your blog articles.
I love it when folks come together and share views. Great site, continue the good work!
After going over a number of the blog articles on your web site, I seriously appreciate your way of blogging. I book-marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my web site too and tell me how you feel.
Great site you have here.. It’s difficult to find high-quality writing like yours nowadays. I truly appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
Good day! I just want to offer you a huge thumbs up for the great information you have here on this post. I’ll be returning to your web site for more soon.
Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post. Thanks for supplying this info.
This blog was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something that helped me. Thanks!
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you writing this article and also the rest of the site is really good.
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on websites I stumbleupon everyday. It’s always interesting to read content from other authors and practice something from their sites.
This page truly has all of the information and facts I wanted concerning this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who had been doing a little homework on this. And he in fact ordered me dinner because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this topic here on your blog.
Excellent web site you have got here.. It’s difficult to find high quality writing like yours these days. I really appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on websites I stumbleupon everyday. It will always be interesting to read content from other authors and practice a little something from their sites.
Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Thank you so much, However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know why I can’t subscribe to it. Is there anyone else having the same RSS problems? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanks!!
That is a very good tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere. Short but very accurate info… Thanks for sharing this one. A must read article!
After looking at a handful of the blog articles on your web site, I really appreciate your way of blogging. I book marked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my website too and let me know how you feel.
This blog was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something which helped me. Thank you.
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and amusing, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is something that too few folks are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I stumbled across this during my search for something concerning this.
This is a topic that’s close to my heart… Best wishes! Exactly where can I find the contact details for questions?
Everyone loves it whenever people come together and share thoughts. Great blog, continue the good work.
I was excited to uncover this site. I want to to thank you for your time for this particularly fantastic read!! I definitely appreciated every part of it and i also have you saved as a favorite to check out new things on your blog.
https://suncity888.dad/
I’m amazed, I must say. Seldom do I come across a blog that’s equally educative and interesting, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is something which too few men and women are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I stumbled across this in my hunt for something relating to this.
Hi! Do you know if they make any plugins to help
with SEO? I’m trying to get my website to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m
not seeing very good success. If you know of any please share.
Thanks! You can read similar article here: Wool product
Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post. Thank you for supplying these details.
Way cool! Some extremely valid points! I appreciate you penning this post and also the rest of the site is extremely good.
You’ve made some really good points there. I looked on the internet to find out more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site.
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who was conducting a little homework on this. And he in fact bought me dinner because I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending the time to discuss this subject here on your web page.
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s both educative and interesting, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy that I stumbled across this during my search for something regarding this.
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a colleague who was doing a little homework on this. And he in fact bought me lunch because I found it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this topic here on your website.
Your style is so unique compared to other folks I have read stuff from. Many thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I’ll just book mark this blog.
Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thank you, However I am going through troubles with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anybody else getting the same RSS issues? Anyone that knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanx!!
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that will make the biggest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a coworker who was doing a little homework on this. And he in fact bought me dinner simply because I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending some time to talk about this matter here on your web site.
It’s difficult to find experienced people for this subject, however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Having read this I believed it was rather informative. I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this information together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and posting comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile!
Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Many thanks, However I am having troubles with your RSS. I don’t know why I can’t join it. Is there anybody else having the same RSS issues? Anyone that knows the solution will you kindly respond? Thanx.
This is the right website for anybody who really wants to find out about this topic. You understand so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually will need to…HaHa). You certainly put a brand new spin on a subject that’s been written about for ages. Wonderful stuff, just great.
I’d like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this site. I really hope to see the same high-grade content from you in the future as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my own website now 😉
Having read this I believed it was very informative. I appreciate you spending some time and energy to put this information together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile.
Introducing to you the most prestigious online entertainment address today. Visit now to experience now!
Having read this I believed it was really informative. I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this content together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it!
Hi, I do believe this is an excellent site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to come back once again since I book-marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
A motivating discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you ought to publish more on this issue, it might not be a taboo matter but typically folks don’t discuss such subjects. To the next! Cheers.
Pretty! This has been an incredibly wonderful article. Many thanks for providing this info.
You have made some good points there. I checked on the internet to learn more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this web site.
No correlation was found in our patients between the natriuretic effect of furosemide and either absolute mean arterial pressure or change in mean arterial pressure during the furosemide phase of each study session priligy where to buy
Very good post! We will be linking to this particularly great content on our site. Keep up the great writing.
This blog was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something which helped me. Thanks!
This website was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something which helped me. Thanks a lot.
Hello there! This blog post could not be written much better! Going through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I most certainly will send this article to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a very good read. Thanks for sharing!
This is a topic that’s near to my heart… Thank you! Exactly where are your contact details though?
I want to to thank you for this wonderful read!! I absolutely loved every little bit of it. I’ve got you bookmarked to look at new stuff you post…
Introducing to you the most prestigious online entertainment address today. Visit now to experience now!
Very good write-up. I absolutely appreciate this site. Keep writing!
When I originally commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on each time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the exact same comment. Is there an easy method you are able to remove me from that service? Cheers.